Clouds

Foundational Security Operations and Defensive Analysis (OSDA)

$6495

5 days

2025-02-24

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Essential Skills Gained

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Conduct guided audits of compromised systems across multiple operating systems.

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Use a SIEM to identify and assess an attack as it unfolds live.

Format

5 day course with lecture and hands-on labs.

Audience

Threat Hunters

Digital Forensics & Incident Response (DFIR) professionals

Description

Attacker Methodology

  • The Network as a Whole

    • Gain a basic understanding of an enterprise network’s DMZ.

    • Learn about deployment environments.

    • Understand the difference between core and edge network devices.

    • Study virtual private networks and remote sites.

  • The Lockheed-Martin Cyber Kill-Chain

    • Learn the parts of the Lockheed-Martin Cyber Kill-Chain.

    • Apply the Kill-Chain to malware that performed cryptomining.

    • Apply the Kill-Chain to three iterations of ransomware.

  • MITRE ATT&CK Framework

    • Learn the classifications of the MITRE ATT&CK Framework.

    • Review case studies of OilRig, APT3, and APT28 campaigns using MITRE ATT&CK principles.

Windows Endpoint Introduction

  • Windows Processes

    • Gain a basic understanding of programs running within Windows.

    • Learn about Windows Services and their relationship with processes.

    • Review the common states of Windows.

  • Windows Registry

    • Review the configuration structure of the Windows Registry.

    • Learn about the key-value pair relationship within the Windows Registry.

    • Understand the value types and formats for Windows Registry keys.

  • Command Prompt, VBScript, and PowerShell

    • Review the non-graphical means of interacting with Windows.

    • Build batch scripts used for the command prompt to run local commands.

    • Write a Visual Basic Script for collecting operating system data.

    • Build custom PowerShell functions.

  • Programming on Windows

    • Review the Component Object Model in Windows.

    • Learn about the development of the .NET Framework and .NET Core.

  • Windows Event Log

    • Gain a basic understanding of Windows Event logs and sources.

    • Review several Windows Event logs using the Windows Event Viewer.

    • Use PowerShell to query Windows Event logs.

  • Empowering the Logs

    • Gain a basic understanding of System Monitor (Sysmon).

    • Review Sysmon events using the Windows Event Viewer.

    • Review Sysmon events using PowerShell.

    • Use PowerShell Core in Kali Linux to query event logs remotely.

Windows Server Side Attacks

  • Credential Abuse

    • Learn about the Windows Security Account Manager.

    • Learn about Windows Authentication.

    • Understand the concept of suspicious login activity.

    • Evaluate the behavior of brute-force login activity.

  • Web Application Attacks

    • Learn about the configuration of Internet Information Services (IIS) in Windows.

    • Evaluate logging artifacts of local file inclusion for attacking web servers.

    • Evaluate logging artifacts of command injection and file upload for attacking web servers.

  • Binary Exploitation

    • Learn about binary attacks through buffer overflows, and the artifacts they create.

    • Study the use of Windows Defender Exploit Guard and how it protects against binary exploitation.

    • Evaluate logging artifacts generated by the Windows Defender Exploit Guard.

Windows Client Side Attacks

  • Attacking Microsoft Office

    • Review social engineering and spearphishing techniques.

    • Evaluate the use of Microsoft Office products to deploy phishing attacks.

    • Review logging artifacts generated from a phishing attack.

  • Monitoring Windows PowerShell

    • Gain a basic understanding of extended PowerShell logging capabilities.

    • Understand the use of PowerShell module logging.

    • Understand the use of PowerShell script block logging.

    • Understand the use of PowerShell transcription.

    • Review PowerShell logging artifacts generated from a phishing attack.

    • Learn about PowerShell obfuscation and deobfuscation.

Windows Privilege Escalation

  • Privilege Escalation Introduction

    • Gain a basic understanding of Windows integrity levels and enumeration.

    • Learn about Windows’ User Account Control (UAC).

    • Evaluate a UAC bypass technique and the logging artifacts it creates.

  • Escalations to SYSTEM

    • Perform an elevation using UAC Bypass and review the logging artifacts created.

    • Learn about service permissions for privilege escalation along with relevant logging artifacts.

    • Learn about unquoted service paths for privilege escalation along with logging artifacts.

Linux Endpoint Introduction

  • Linux Applications and Daemons

    • Understand what Linux daemons are.

    • Understand the Syslog Framework components.

    • Understand how the syslog and the journal daemon work together.

    • Understand Linux web logging.

Automating the Defensive Analysis

  • Understand how scripting can aid log analysis.

  • Understand how to scale further scripting with DevOps tools.

  • Understand how to put together what we learned in a real-life hunting scenario.

Linux Server-Side Attacks

  • Credential Abuse

    • Understand suspicious logins and how to detect them in logs.

    • Understand brute-force password attacks and their log footprints.

  • Web Application Attacks

    • Understand command injection attacks and their log footprint and detections.

    • Understand SQL injection attacks and their log footprint and detections.

Linux Privilege Escalation

  • User-side privilege escalation attack detections

    • Understand how Linux privileges work.

    • Understand how to detect privilege escalation attacks on user’s configuration files.

  • System-side privilege escalation attack detections

    • Understand how Linux privileges work.

    • Understand how to detect privilege escalation attacks on system’s configuration files.

Windows Persistence

  • Persistence on Disk

    • Understand and recognize Persisting via Windows Service.

    • Understand and recognize Persisting via Scheduled Tasks.

    • Understand and recognize Persisting by DLL Sideloading/Hijacking.

  • Persistence in Registry

    • Understand Using Run Keys.

    • Understand Using Winlogon Helper.

Network Detections

  • Intrusion Detection Systems

    • Understand theory and methodologies behind IPS and IDS.

    • Understand Snort rule syntax.

    • Learn how to craft basic Snort rules.

  • Detecting Attacks

    • Learn how to detect known vulnerabilities with Snort rules.

    • Learn how to detect novel vulnerabilities with Snort rules.

  • Detecting C2 Infrastructure

    • Understand the components of a C2 framework.

    • Learn how to detect well-known C2 communication through Snort rule sets.

Antivirus Detections

  • Antivirus Basics

    • Understand an overview of Antivirus.

    • Understand Signature-Based Detection.

    • Understand Heuristic and Behavioral-Based Detection.

  • Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI)

    • Understand the basics of AMSI.

    • Understand how attackers bypass AMSI.

Active Directory Enumeration

  • Abusing Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

    • Understand LDAP.

    • Interact with LDAP.

    • Enumerate Active Directory with PowerView.

  • Detecting Active Directory Enumeration

    • Audit Object Access.

    • Perform Baseline Monitoring.

    • Use Honey Tokens.

Network Evasion and Tunneling

  • Network Segmentation

    • Understand the concept of network segmentation.

    • Learn the benefits of network segmentation.

    • Understand possible methods of implementing network segmentation in an enterprise.

  • Detecting Egress Busting

    • Understand the concept of egress filtering.

    • Understand an iptables firewall setup and application of egress filtering.

    • Evaluate an “egress busting” technique and the logging artifacts it creates.

  • Port Forwarding and Tunneling

    • Understand the concept of tunneling and port forwarding.

    • Learn how attackers use it to compromise additional machines in the network.

    • Understand the possible methods and tools attackers use to tunnel into the network and how to detect them.

Windows Lateral Movement

  • Windows Authentication

    • Understanding Pass the Hash.

    • Understanding Brute Forcing Domain Credentials.

    • Understanding Terminal Services.

  • Abusing Kerberos Tickets

    • Understanding Pass the Ticket.

    • Understanding Kerberoasting.

Active Directory Persistence

  • Keeping Domain Access

    • Understanding Domain Group Memberships.

    • Understanding Domain User Modifications.

    • Understanding Golden Tickets.

SIEM Part One: Intro to ELK

  • Log Management Introduction

    • Understand SIEM Concepts.

    • Learn about the ELK Stack.

    • Use ELK Integrations with OSQuery.

  • ELK Security

    • Understand Rules and Alerts.

    • Understand Timelines and Cases.

SIEM Part Two: Combining the Logs

  • Phase One: Web Server Initial Access

    • Detect enumeration and command injection.

    • Implement Phase One detection rules.

  • Phase Two: Lateral Movement to Application Server

    • Discover brute forcing and authentication.

    • Create Phase Two detection rules.

  • Phase Three: Persistence and Privilege Escalation on Application Server

    • Understand persistence and privilege escalation.

    • Build Phase Three detection rules.

  • Phase Four: Perform Actions on the Domain Controller

    • Identify dumping the AD database.

    • Create Phase Four detection rules.

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